Occupational Health Burdens among Nurses and Midwives in Ghana Prevalence, Predictors, and Impact on Workforce Sustainability

Abstract

This study examines occupational health burdens among nurses and midwives in Ghana, assessing prevalence patterns, predictors, and impacts on workforce sustainability. Using meta-synthesis of 22 studies, the research extracted data systematically from primary studies, employing standardized protocols to identify recurring themes, risk factors, and outcomes across diverse healthcare settings.

Key findings reveal alarmingly high prevalence rates of occupational health conditions, including musculoskeletal disorders (78.4-82.3%), mental health issues (depression 31.5%, anxiety 38.6%), and burnout (41.2% experiencing high emotional exhaustion). Significant predictors include workplace factors (inadequate resources, high workloads, workplace violence), personal characteristics (gender, job tenure), and systemic issues (insufficient safety protocols, limited management commitment). These conditions significantly impact workforce sustainability, with 58.7% of Ghanaian nurses and midwives considering leaving the profession.

The study concludes that addressing these occupational health challenges requires multifaceted approaches targeting working conditions, supportive management practices, and implementation of comprehensive safety policies. Recommendations include developing longitudinal research designs, implementing evidence-based interventions, improving workplace ergonomics, enhancing management support systems, and establishing comprehensive occupational health policies with proper implementation support.